Divergent genetic codes

Editorial: Could Speciation Across Evolution be Governed by Genetic Switch Codes at Short Tandem Repeats?

Genetic Algorithms for Perceptual Codes Extraction

In this work a new technique for global perceptual codes (GPCs) extraction using genetic algorithms (GA) is presented. GAs are employed to extract the GPCs in order to reduce the original number of features and to provide meaningful representations of the original data. In this technique the GPCs are build from a certain combination of elementary perceptual codes (EPCs) which are provided by th...

Graph Theory Patterns in the Genetic Codes

The genetic code in biology describes how genes that are composed of DNA are translated into proteins composed of amino acids. There are twelve known genetic codes, the standard code used by most organisms, and alternate codes used by mitochondria and some lower organisms. These genetic codes can be represented as graphs, with vertices labeled by the amino acids and lines representing complemen...

Synthetic biology: Tailor-made genetic codes.

The translation apparatus is the cell’s factory for protein synthesis, stitching together amino acid substrates into sequence-controlled polypeptides (proteins) from a defined template. With protein elongation rates of up to 20 amino acids per second and an accuracy of 99.99% (ref. 1), prokaryotic translation is faster and more accurate than many enzymatic conversions that require only a single...

Inducing Sequentiality Using Grammatical Genetic Codes

This paper studies the inducement of sequentiality in genetic algorithms (GAs) for uniformly-scaled problems. Sequentiality is a phenomenon in which sub-solutions converge sequentially in time in contrast to uniform convergence observed for uniformly-scaled problems. This study uses three different grammatical genetic codes to induce sequentiality. Genotypic genes in the grammatical codes are i...